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A History of 'stones' in Urology:

Thomas Hollier

1609 - 1690

Skilled lithotomist who operated on Samuel Pepys

François Gigot de La Peyronie

1678 - 1747

Founder of the French Royal Academy of Surgery

William Cheselden

1688 - 1752

Protagonist of suprapubic stone removal

Sir Henry Thompson

1820 - 1904

Extraordinary polymath and expert urethral stone surgeon

Sir Peter Freyer

1852 - 1921

Popularised litholapaxy & transvesical prostatectomy

John Swift Joly

1876 - 1944

Irish-born surgeon with lifelong interest in stones

Ancient Egypt

3200BC

Bilharzia & stones

Ancient India

2800BC

Vedas & urethral strictures

Ancient Greece

1000BC

Hippocrates & his oath

Roman Medicine

753BC - 554

Influenced by Europe & Asia

Celsian Method (Apparatus Minor)

Only two instruments needed

Marian Method (Apparatus Major)

1520

Incontinence, fistula & impotence

Lateral Method

1600

As used by Frère Jacques

Nephroscopy & PCNL

1941 - 1981

Re-discovered in the 1970s

Norfolk and Norwich Hospital

1771 - 2003

An early "stone" hospital

Freyer Evacuator

1880

Modification of Bigelow's extractor

Ellik Evacuator

1937

Still in use today

Gourget

For dilating the perineal wound

Civiale Lithotrite

1860

With lockable jaws

Stones

The history of lithotomy

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